confounding

英 [kənˈfaʊndɪŋ]

美 [kənˈfaʊndɪŋ]

v.  使困惑惊讶; 使惊疑; 证明…有错; 击败，战胜(敌人)
confound的现在分词

现在分词：confounding　

BNC.44060 / COCA.24140

柯林斯词典

• VERB 使困惑;使惊讶
  If someone or somethingconfoundsyou, they make you feel surprised or confused, often by showing you that your opinions or expectations of them were wrong.
  1. He momentarily confounded his critics by his cool handling of the hostage crisis...
     他对人质危机的冷静处理一时让批评者们惊讶不已。
  2. The choice of Governor may confound us all.
     州长的选择可能会让我们所有人感到困惑。

英英释义

adj

• that confounds or contradicts or confuses
  Synonym:contradictory

双语例句

• He accepted that there was potential for a confounding bias in such observational registries.
  他认为在这种观察性研究中存在着混杂偏倚。
• These results posed, for Mr. Heckman, a confounding intellectual puzzle.
  这些研究结果向赫克曼提出了一个令人困惑的关于智力的问题。
• We used Cox regression models to estimate the risk of cancer and adjust for potential confounding factors.
  我们使用Cox回归模型来估计罹患癌症的风险并根据潜在的混淆因素进行校正。
• Although study limitations included observational design, the authors thought it unlikely that confounding by indication could explain the findings.
  虽然研究的局限性包括观察性设计，作者仍认为用这些迹象的混淆来解释这些发现是不可能的。
• Rat studies can be very useful in assessing human effects, because studies of people can be hampered by complex confounding factors which could include cigarette smoking, wealth or urban living.
  对老鼠的研究在评估人类的影响方面可能很有用处，因为对人的研究会受到复杂的令人困惑的因素所限制，其中可能包括吸烟、财富或城市生活。
• Caffeine intake was associated with a significantly lower risk for AD, independently of other possible confounding variables.
  咖啡因摄入量与AD风险降低明显相关，不依赖于其他伴随因子。
• Further, the absolute concentrations of these metabolites in EPS appear to be independent of age, increasing the potential utility of these markers due to elimination of age as a confounding variable.
  另外，EPS中这三种代谢物的绝对浓度看起来与年龄无关的。由于不需要年龄作为混杂变量，增加了这些标记物的潜在效用。
• That makes the lethality of white-nose syndrome that much more confounding.
  这就让白鼻综合症的致命性越发令人不解。
• Limitations of this study include reliance on recall of diet and URTI, possible misclassification of exposure because of the timing of data collection, and possible residual confounding.
  本研究的局限性包括对饮食和URTI回忆的依赖、由于数据收集的限制所可能造成的对暴露的错误分类，以及可能残留的混杂因素。
• He is good at confounding black and white and telling lies.
  他善于颠倒黑白，睁着眼睛说瞎话。